The influence of the grain-size distribution and soil structure on the unsaturated shear strength of loess sediments in Belgrade, Central Serbia

Abstract

There is a negative pore water pressure or matric suction in the zone above the ground water level in silty loess soil, which can be as deep as 5-10 m in the Belgrade area. This primary characteristic of unsaturated soil, i.e., matric suction, should be included in laboratory testing and geotechnical analyses. Direct shear or triaxial testing of unsaturated soil are very expensive and time-consuming and require specially modified equipment. Instead, the prediction of unsaturated shear strength using the soil water characteristic curve, SWCC, and the effective shear strength parameters c' and φ' is a widely accepted practice. In this study, constitutive soil-water characteristic curves were obtained from the results of experimental testing by draining saturated soil samples under different pressures. This testing was performed for the first time in Serbia in a 15 bar pressure plate extractor according to ASTM standards. The laboratory testing included natural samples of loess sediments with the original macroporous structure and loess sediments with a destroyed soil structure. The influence of the grain-size distribution and natural soil structure on the unsaturated shear strength of Belgrade loess sediments above the ground water level was also evaluated. The obtained results are in accordance with the results from other investigations.