Volcanogenic Turonian and epiclastics of senonian in the Timok magmatic complex between Bor and the Tupižnica mountain, eastern Serbia

Abstract

In the light of the findings presented in this paper, among the volcanic products of the Upper Cretaceous, referred to as "the first volcanic phase" (Drovenik, 1961), two lithostratigraphic units can be singled out within the Timok Magmatic Complex (TMC): - The lower one, consisting of volcanogenic, subaerial, dominantly hornblende andésite volcaniclastic, formed on land, and less abundant volcanic and sub-volcanic-hypoabyssal rocks. It is the main source of sulfide mine­ralization in Bor. It was formed before the Upper Turonian and consists of hornblende andésite and occasionally low biotite. Minor constituents are biotite-hornblende dacite and some andésite and dacite materials con­taining augite in addition to hornblende and biotite. - The upper one, from the Upper Turonian period when the volcanic activity of the region had ended, is marine deposited and epiclastic. Intercalated with Senonian marls, it is composed of land deposited Turonian volcanogenic material of all generations. Fresh material mostly consisting of hornblende andésite volcanoclastics prevails in it. Fresh epiclastics include ore mineral epiclasts. Epiclastics composed of epiclasts of hydro thermally altered rocks were observed which also include ore epiclasts. The ore epiclasts originate from copper ore. The boundary between the volcanogenic Turonian and the epiclastic deposits is a well-recognized unconformity. Table 1 in the text summarizes the main characteristics of the Turonian volcanogenic rocks, primarily those of volcaniclastics, as well as those of epiclastic deposits.